Signaling through mammalian target of muscle hypertrophy is activated by amino acids, insulin, and growth factors, and impaired by nutrient or energy deficiency. Nucleotides play key roles in cell physiology. Nucleotides regulate numerous components involved in protein synthesis, including initiation and elongation factors, and the biogenesis of ribosomes themselves.

Introduction

Since the origins of sports, athletes are willing to try anything to increase their sports performance to give them an advantage over other athletes. One of the major things to enhance performance is getting the body to produce more energy and sustaining that energy output. This can be done directly by supplying energy substrates and intermediates of energy production before exercise or indirectly, for a longer term effect, by increasing cellular growth by means of enhancement of genetic activators. There are many factors involved in energy production within the body and many scientific studies have been performed in regards to these factors to improve them. Understanding how these factors work and improving their performance will not only help exercise performance, but also enable us to function better for optimum health.

New Exciting Research

Since the unravelling of the human genome, we are now finding out how amino acids, peptides and other protein derivatives, such as growth factors, interact with our DNA to cause a desired effect. Very recently, scientific research, which is still on going today, has discovered that certain nutrients that were considered non-essential in our diets are now considered to be essential for optimal health and performance. The reason why they were originally considered non-essential is that our own body can synthesize these nutrients, but under the stresses of everyday life and exercise, these nutrients can become deficient. This can be said for the nucleotides produced inside our bodies which are involved in every bio-energy reaction. For years, nucleotides were not considered essential because it was thought that the body can synthesize sufficient nucleotides to meet its physiological demands via de-novo nucleotide synthetic pathways. But now that thought has changed with research recently finding that the body requires extra nucleotides to meet its physiological requirements. Especially under the conditions of metabolic stress and increased growth, as associated with exercise performance, metabolic demand exceeds the capacity of de-novo synthesis.

Going Nuclear

Because of their involvement in biologic systems, such as high energy sources, regulatory signal messengers, components of co-enzymes and intermediates of protein, carbohydrate and lipid synthesis, nucleotides serve many diverse functions in living organisms and now they have been found to also act at a genetic level, like certain amino acids such as L-leucine, to message and help transcribe information to our DNA. Taking this into consideration, a lot of interest has also been brought up in regards to Nitric Oxide enhancing products, which also relates back to the nucleotides. This interest has come to light over the past couple of years because of the research performed by Nobel Prize winning scientist Louis Ignarro, in which much of his research revolved around investigating the signalling pathways of the nucleotides, especially cyclic Guanosine Mono-Phosphate and how NO effected this pathway. This led to the development of Viagra and other Nitric Oxide products and also to the discovery that Nitric Oxide is also a neurotransmitter. Further investigations have led to the involvement of the amino acids Arginine and Ornithine in NO production as well as their relationship in regards to insulin, growth hormone and growth factors. The nucleotides are tied up within all these biochemical pathways and until now have been overlooked as an important ingredient in regards to increased sports performance and optimum health.

New Science

Xtreme Pump now brings all those factors together, including the newly discovered benefits of supplemental NADH, the ultimate nucleotide and co-enzyme. This new science is set to rewrite the record books in regards to increasing performance and anabolic growth. Science still has a way to go in creating a injectable serum of genetically modified cells with specific genes activated for anabolic growth, but with the development of Xtreme Pump, we may achieve a simular result de-novo by using naturally occurring ingredients to bring us that one step closer. Xtreme Pump’s potential benefits are still in its infancy. Because it may possess cellular regeneration properties, it could also be used for sport injuries, arthritis, Parkinson disease, Alzheimer’s, depression and eating disorders. Xtreme Pump could truly be ‘The Ultimate’ supplement.

ENERGY!

The Krebs cycle (also known as the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the TCA cycle, or the citric acid cycle) is a series of chemical reactions of central importance in all living cells that utilize oxygen as part of cellular respiration. In aerobic organisms, the citric acid cycle is part of a metabolic pathway involved in the chemical conversion of carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and water to generate a form of usable energy. It is the second of three metabolic pathways that are involved in fuel molecule catabolism and ATP production, the other two being glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation.

Xtreme PUMP & Energy

The ingredients in Xtreme PUMP are involved in all metabolic pathways. The most important of these are the Nucleotides and NADH.

NADH - the "energy of life" coenzyme

NADH, (Nicotinamide Adenine Di-nucleotide Hydrogen) is said to be the mother of all enzymes and is known as Co-enzyme #1 because it is the highest ranking of all Co-Enzymes. NADH which is also classified as a type of nucleotide is the first of five enzyme complexes of the electron transport chain, where much of the ATP bio-energy that runs every biological process of our lives is formed. The chemistry of NADH is some of the most complex in the human body. NADH is located both in the mitochondria and cytosol of cells. It is necessary to oxidize (burn) all foodstuffs (fats, sugars, amino-acids) into ATP bio-energy. There are three interlinked energy production cycles: the glycolytic (sugar burning) and Krebs’ citric acid cycles (aminos and fats are "burned" through the Krebs’ cycle), and the electron transport side chain. In the glycolytic cycle, its "waste" end product, pyruvate, helps power the Krebs’ cycle, while electron "sparks" released from the step by step slow "burning" that occurs in the Krebs’ cycle provide the fuel used by the electron transport side chain to generate much of the ATP bio-energy that literally powers our life. NADH is involved in all of these different cycles, as well as in the conversion of the pyruvate end product of the glycolytic cycle into the beginning fuel of the Krebs’ citric acid cycle. It is NADH, which captures the electron "sparks" thrown off during Krebs’ cycle oxidation and shuttles them to the electron transport side chain energy production cycle. Each unit of NADH is capable of generating three units of ATP energy. In a very real sense, NADH is the "energy of life" coenzyme. Compare that with Creatine which only produces two units of ATP from ADP. NADH is a complex molecule, as coenzymes go. It is a combination of vitamin B3 (niacinamide) joined with ribose (a 5-carbon sugar), an adenosine nucleotide and a phosphate(ie; AMP). NADH can be made in the liver and other cells where it is also transported throughout our bloodstream to cells where it is needed. NADH has also strong antioxidant features, in addition to all its other functions. NADH is the body's most potent biological antioxidant. It does the scavenging of free radicals better than any other biological substance known to the body. The body uses excess NADH as its scavenger of free radicals. Not only that, but NADH has been implicated as also being involved in your immune system. A direct relationship exists between the white cells going to work (phagocytosis) and the activation of the immune system. The "killing mechanism" associated with phagocytosis is fuelled by NADH and NADPH which are internally derived from an increased activity of the hexosemonophosphate shunt. NADH is therefore directly involved in the cellular immune defensive system. But wait there’s more!
Clinical studies confirm NADH has a direct, positive impact on rebuilding brain neurotransmitters. A University of Paris research study found that supplemental NADH yields a six-fold increase in the production of the neurotransmitter dopamine. It was also found NADH stimulates the production of many different brain neurotransmitters, including dopamine, norepinephrine or noradrenaline, and serotonin. Medical science has proven that increased dopamine production has a positive effect on the following brain functions: thinking, cognitive functions (like memory & decision making), sex drive, mood, drive, strength, coordination, movement, mobility and much more. Dopamine has also a positive impact on growth hormone secretion. Having so many positive effects within the body, NADH by itself would make an awesome supplement. Complementing it with the other nucleotides in Xtreme Pump, increases its effects even more.

Adenosine - 'The Energy'

Adenosine Monophosphate (AMP) is utilized in the body's Krebs Cycle (energy cycle). A modified form of adenosine monophosphate is thought to be a secondary messenger in the propagation of many hormonal stimuli.
Derivatives of Adenosine are Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) which are the major compounds involved in participation in oxidative phosphorylation and in the case of ATP, as the source of energy for nearly every energy requiring reaction in the body’s cells. Adenosine is the most abundant free nucleotide and more important derivatives are Cyclic AMP (cAMP) which is present in most animal cells, and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM-e). cAMP mediates a series of diverse extracellular signals of considerable importance to the function of organisms as a whole, acting as a extracellular secondary messenger mediating the action of many peptide or amine hormones. It also plays a role in the transcription of some genes. SAM-e is the active form of methionine which widely serves as a methyl donor in many diverse bio-chemical reactions within the body, including that of the formation of Creatine. Coupled with Ornithine, another ingredient in Extreme Pump, SAM-e forms Spermine and Spermidine which are called polyamines, and they are implicated in diverse physiologic processes that share as a common thread in cellular growth. They are growth factors that have been implicated in the stabilization and growth of cells, subcellular organelles and membranes. As a consequence of their multiple positive charges, polyamines associate readily with DNA and RNA and have been implicated in the stimulation of DNA and RNA biosynthesis. They also exert diverse effects on increasing protein synthesis and act as inhibitors of protein kinase enzymes. Recently, Spermine and Spermidine have also been implicated in regards to increasing brain function where they concentrate in the Brain's Neurons. Studies have indicated people with memory loss have lower levels of Spermine compared to those with good memory and that increased levels of Spermine increased brain activity. Interestingly, Spermidine is a component of human Sperm, hence where it gets its name from.